Follistatin-like I promotes endometriosis by increasing proinflammatory factors and promoting angiogenesis

in Reproduction
Authors:
Sha-Ting Lei Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Ming-Qing Li NHC Key Lab of Reproduction Regulation (Shanghai Institute of Planned Parenthood Research), Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Laboratory for Reproductive Immunology, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine Related Diseases, Hospital of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fudan University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Yan-Ling Cao Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Shu-Hui Hou Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Hai-Yan Peng Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China
Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Dong Zhao Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2118-2910
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Jing Sun Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China

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Correspondence should be addressed to D Zhao or J Sun; Email: hendryz@gmail.com or sunjing61867@126.com
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.1530/REP-21-0094
Volume/Issue:
Volume 163: Issue 1
Page Range:
57–68
Article Type:
Research Article
Online Publication Date:
30 Dec 2021
Copyright:
© Society for Reproduction and Fertility 2022
Restricted access
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Endometriosis (EMS) is a chronic benign inflammatory disease characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue in aberrant locations outside of the uterine cavity. Angiogenesis and abnormal immune responses are the fundamental requirements of endometriotic lesion survival in the peritoneal cavity. Follistatin-like I (FSTL1) is a secreted glycoprotein that exhibits varied expression levels in cardiovascular disease, cancer and arthritis. However, the role of FSTL1 in the development of EMS remains to be fully elucidated. Results of the present study demonstrated that the expression of FSTL1 was significantly increased in ectopic endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) and peritoneal fluid from patients with EMS, compared to the control group. Both conditions of hypoxia and estrogen treatment induced human ESCs to produce increased levels of FSTL1 and disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A (DIP2A). Furthermore, the expression levels of DIP2A, IL8 and IL1β were increased in FSTL1 overexpressed HESCs. Additionally, FSTL1 treatment increased the proliferation of HUVECs in a dose-dependent manner in vitro and markedly increased the tube formation of HUVECs. Moreover, treatment with FSTL1 facilitated M1 polarization of macrophages, increased the secretion of proinflammatory factors and inhibited the expression of scavenger receptor CD36. Results of the present study suggested that the elevated expression of FSTL1 may play a key role in accelerating the development of EMS via enhancing the secretion of proinflammatory factors and promoting angiogenesis.

Supplementary Materials

    • Supplementary Figure 1. In vitro, rhFSTL1 promotes the secretion of IL-8 and IL-1β in HESCs. (A-C) HESCs were treated with PBS or rhFSTL1 (10 ng/ml) for 24 h, and the mRNA levels of IL-8, IL-1β and DIP2A were detected using RT-qPCR (unpaired t-tests or Mann-Whitney test). Data are expressed as the mean  SEM. *P<0.05, **P<0.01, ***P<0.001. NS, not significant; FSTL1, Follistatin-like I; HESCs, human endometrial stromal cells; RT-qPCR, reverse transcription-quantitative PCR; DIP2A, disco-interacting protein 2 homolog A.

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Print ISSN:
1470-1626
Online ISSN:
1741-7899

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