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Summary. The direct influence of germ cells and residual bodies on Sertoli cell basal and FSH-stimulated secretion of androgen-binding protein (ABP) was studied using Sertoli cells, recovered from 20-day-old rats, cultured alone or cocultured with a crude germ cell preparation from adult rats or with pachytene spermatocytes, round spermatids or populations of residual bodies enriched by centrifugal elutriation. The effect of a rat liver epithelial cell line (LEC) on Sertoli cell function was also tested. Addition of a crude germ cell preparation increased basal and FSH-stimulated ABP secretion. Pachytene spermatocytes and residual bodies adhered to the Sertoli cell monolayer to a much greater extent than did round spermatids. Addition of pachytene spermatocytes markedly enhanced basal and FSH-stimulated ABP secretion over 12 days of culture. Round spermatids and residual bodies stimulated ABP secretion although to a lesser extent than did spermatocytes. Furthermore, the increase of FSH-stimulated ABP levels was not maintained after 4 or 8 days of culture. LEC also enhanced basal and FSH-induced ABP levels but the increase of FSH-induced ABP production was only observed until Day 8 of culture. The influence of LEC on Sertoli cell secretion could be mediated through the production of an extracellular matrix. It is concluded that germ cells, particularly pachytene spermatocytes, can directly stimulate Sertoli cell secretory activity in vitro.
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Summary. Cryptorchidism for 28 or 10 days resulted in a severe disruption of spermatogenesis (assessed histologically or by fertility tests), Sertoli cell function (assessed by seminiferous tubule fluid production after efferent duct ligation, ABP levels, binding of 125I-labelled FSH to testis homogenates and serum FSH levels) and Leydig cell function (assessed by serum LH and testosterone levels, in-vitro testosterone production, binding of 125I-labelled hCG). Orchidopexy after 28 days of cryptorchidism resulted in a poor recovery of spermatogenesis since the majority of tubules were lined by Sertoli cells and a few spermatogonia. No recovery occurred in the indicators of Sertoli and Leydig cell function.
Orchidopexy after 10 days of cryptorchidism also resulted in a poor recovery of spermatogenesis, with a few animals showing partial recovery after 6 months. No recovery occurred in seminiferous tubule fluid production but partial recovery occurred in ABP content and production rate. Serum FSH, LH levels and in-vitro testosterone production by the testis remained elevated and did not change from the values found during cryptorchidism.
Fertility testing at 6 months revealed a small number of rats in which fertility was restored although the number of embryos was lower than in controls. In this group of animals there was a significant improvement in a number of indicators of Sertoli cell and Leydig cell function. These data provide further evidence to link the changes in Sertoli cell and Leydig cell function to the germ cell complement present in the testis.
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Summary. The electrophoretic mobility, effect of pronase, temperature stability, affinity constant and specificity of androgen-binding protein (ABP) were compared in rete testis fluid (RTF), cauda epididymal plasma (CEP) and seminal plasma (SP) of the ram in which the levels of ABP, dihydrotestosterone (DHT), total protein and the number of spermatozoa were also measured. The characteristics of the ABP appeared to be almost identical in all 3 fluids. ABP was highly concentrated in the cauda epididymidis although 50–75% of it was utilized or destroyed during transit through the epididymis. The levels of ABP were higher in the breeding season and positively correlated with DHT in RTF and SP. It is concluded that ABP might be responsible for the increase in DHT in the reproductive tract of the ram during the breeding season and that ABP in the SP might serve as a useful marker of Sertoli cell function in the ram.
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Summary. Gossypol acetic acid (20, 25 or 30 mg/kg/day orally for 5 weeks) decreased epididymal weight in adult Sprague–Dawley rats but the epididymal concentrations of proteins, lactate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were unchanged. The concentrations of carnitine, inositol and potassium in epididymal fluid were decreased in a dose-related manner. These modifications were not due to disturbances of Leydig and Sertoli cell functions which were normal. We suggest that the reduction in epididymal secretion results from a decrease in the number of spermatozoa rather than from a direct action of gossypol on the epididymal epithelium.
Keywords: gossypol; rat; epididymis; carnitine; inositol
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Summary. Rats aged 10 days (Exp. A), 45 days (Exp. B) and 70–90 days (Exp. C) were given procarbazine intraperitoneally at doses of 30 mg/kg/day for 5 or 9 weeks (Exps A, B, C), or by gavage at doses of 5 mg/kg/day (equivalent to the therapeutic dose in man) and 50 mg/kg/day, for 9 weeks (Exp. B). A significant mortality rate was noted in immature rats (Exp. A) and in animals receiving 50 mg/kg/day orally (Exp. B). In all groups the rate of body weight gain and the weights of the testes and epididymides were reduced. Procarbazine produced disruption of the normal spermatogenetic architecture that was very severe or total in immature rats (Exp. A) and in rats given the drug at 30 mg/kg/day for 9 weeks and the highest dose (50 mg/kg) in Exp. B. Disruption of spermatogenesis was only partial in the other experimental groups. The number of Sertoli cells was not affected by the different treatments, but a Sertoli cell dysfunction (vacuolization, decreased ABP and elevated FSH concentrations), most probably secondary to germ cell degeneration, was demonstrated in those rats presenting the most severe disruption of spermatogenesis (Exp. B: i.p. and gavage, 50 mg/kg for 9 weeks). Leydig cells, always present in the interstitium, were moderately affected (decrease in serum testosterone values) in some groups at all ages whereas epididymal sperm reserves were decreased after 9 weeks (Exp. B: 30 mg/kg, i.p.; 5 and 50 mg/kg, gavage). Moreover, there was a marked fall in the number of fetuses per female mated by males in all experimental groups. We conclude that the effects of procarbazine on male reproductive function were independent of the route of administration, greater before puberty and proportional to the dose administered as well as to the duration of the treatment.
Keywords: anti-cancer drugs; procarbazine; rat; testis; epididymis; Sertoli cells; Leydig cells; spermatozoa; fertility
