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Removal or damage to one of a pair of glandular organs frequently results in compensatory hypertrophy, compensatory hyperplasia, or both, of the cells of the remaining or intact gland. In the rat, after unilateral orchidectomy, hypertrophy of the germ cells of the remaining testis has been reported, followed by an increase in testis volume (Grant, 1957). Unilateral artificial cryptorchidism is accompanied by hypertrophy, but not by hyperplasia, of the germ cells in the remaining scrotal testis. Some authors have noticed a significant increase in the weight of the scrotal testis (Zimel, Rivenzon & Macrineanu, 1962) while others have denied this (Clegg, 1965). Nothing is known about the sperm output after unilateral orchidectomy or cryptorchidism. In the following experiments, the output of spermatozoa after unilateral orchidectomy and unilateral cryptorchidism was determined by

It now seems reasonably established that males with a severe impairment of testicular tubular function tend to have elevated FSH levels, while, contrary to previous concepts, gonadotrophin levels associated with the syndrome of hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism are not necessarily low but are frequently in the lower normal adult range (Franchimont, Burger & Legros, 1973). This emphasizes the need for reliable diagnostic methods to differentiate patients with hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism from other sub- or infertile males. Tests of hypothalamic and pituitary function, utilizing clomiphene citrate and LH-releasing factor (LH-RF) respectively, have been successfully used (Santen, Leonard, Sheris, Gandy & Paulsen, 1971; Marshall, Harsoulis, Anderson, McNeilly, Besser & Hall, 1972). The performance of these stimulation tests involves the assay of FSH and LH, usually in serum or plasma, and their application has therefore been restricted to a few well-equipped endocrinological

Department of Dermatology, University of Essen, Z)-4300 Essen,Division of Gynaecological Endocrinology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Bonn, Z)-5300 Bonn-Venusberg, and Department of Clinical Investigation, Schering AG, Z)-1000 Berlin, Germany

(Received 29th April 1974)

Seminal fructose levels provide an indication of the size, storage, and secretory capacity of the seminal vesicles (Mann & Lutwak-Mann, 1951). Since the latter are dependent on testosterone stimulation, seminal fructose concentrations have also been assumed to be good and easily assessable indices of human androgenic activity (Landau & Loughead, 1951; Nowakowski & Schirren, 1956) and Leydig cell function (Phadke, Samant & Deval, 1973).

Determinations of serum testosterone and seminal fructose levels in normal young men before, during and after long-term treatment with testosterone oenanthate were undertaken in a further study of this relationship.

Seven healthy male volunteers, aged 20 to 27 years, received intramuscular injections of 250 mg testosterone oenanthate (Testoviron Depot: Schering A