Effects of supplementation with fetal calf serum on development of bovine embryos in synthetic oviduct fluid medium
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The effects of fetal calf serum (FCS) or serum fractions on the development of bovine embryos was investigated. Bovine zygotes were produced in vitro and were cultured in a semi-defined culture medium (mSOF). In the first experiment, blastocysts produced in mSOF supplemented with 10% whole heat-treated FCS or desalted FCS appeared about 1 day earlier, their proportion was significantly (P < 0.05) higher (whole: 30%, desalted: 29%) and they had significantly (P < 0.05) more cells at day 8 (119 cells, 127 cells) than did blastocysts produced in mSOF without any supplement (16%, 98 cells) or mSOF supplemented with a glucose concentration equivalent to that of serum (15%, 88 cells). Our results indicate that high molecular mass components (>5 kDa) of serum are responsible for the effects of FCS on the kinetics of development, on the percentage of blastocysts obtained and the total number of cells in blastocysts. A further analysis using time-lapse microcinematography showed that the acceleration of development induced by serum occurred between the 9–16-cell and morula stages. Finally, in an experiment designed to analyse by microcinematography the effect of the addition of FCS using semen from a different bull to inseminate the oocytes, a different batch of serum and adding mSOF at a different time (42 h after insemination), acceleration was similarly observed between these two stages. Our microcinematographic studies demonstrate that the addition of FCS at two developmental stages (three–four-cell and five–eight-cell) before the 8–16-cell stage accelerates development just after this critical blocking stage.
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