The insemination of mammalian spermatozoa which have been treated in vitro with X-rays at a dose level of 400 to 800 r results in failure of a large number of eggs to develop beyond the blastocyst stage in rabbits (Amoroso & Parkes, 1947; Chang, Hunt & Romanoff, 1957); mice (Edwards, 1957) and cattle (Rowson & Dott, 1964). Higher doses of X-rays caused development of the eggs to fail at earlier stages (Amoroso & Parkes, 1947; Chang et al., 1957; Edwards, 1957). Yet the metabolism and motility of irradiated spermatozoa appear to be unaffected even by much higher doses of X-rays, at least in those species which have been examined (cf. Mann, 1964). It seems likely that it is the deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) in the spermatozoa which is affected by X-irradiation rather than their metabolism, motility or fertilizing
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