HYPOTHALAMIC CONTROL OF SECRETION AND RELEASE OF PROLACTIN
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When considering the effects of the pituitary trophic hormones, in most cases one thinks in terms of a single target tissue and a single action, such as ACTH and the adrenal cortex or TSH and the thyroid. Prolactin, however, presents a completely different picture. At the most recent census (Nicoll & Bern, 1971) eighty-two different actions on a variety of target organs were claimed for prolactin throughout the vertebrates. Despite this diversity of action, the environmental and internal stimuli which trigger release of prolactin are far fewer in number, while the final release mechanism, involving hypothalamus, portal system and pituitary, is probably common to most vertebrates, save for the emphasis on hypothalamic facilitation, rather than inhibition, of release in the birds (see later), and for the teleosts where the adenohypophysis receives a direct innervation from the hypothalamus (see Zambrano, Nishioka
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